JCAT November Evening Block 1

What are the potential complications associated with the overuse of antipsychotic drugs?

What is the most widely used tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)?

A 30-year-old male presents to the clinic with a chief complaint of fatigue and shortness of breath upon exertion for the past few weeks. On further evaluation, the patient is found to have pancytopenia and decreased reticulocyte count. The bone marrow biopsy shows hypoplastic bone marrow with increased adipocyte number. What is the likely diagnosis of this patient?

Which of the following nerves or muscles is NOT found in the infratemporal fossa?

Which of the following is associated with Down syndrome?

A 32-year-old woman presents with a chronic cough, recurrent chest infections, and occasional hemoptysis. She reports a history of frequent respiratory infections as a child and a family history of lung disease. On physical exam, crackles are heard on auscultation of the lungs, and a chest X-ray shows dilated and thickened bronchi. What is the likely diagnosis of this patient based on her symptoms and imaging findings?

Which of the following respiratory cycles is associated with laryngeal obstruction in the stridor?

What is dyschromatopsia?

What is the age limit for the current authorized COVID-19 vaccines in Pakistan?

When does a bleed that occurs after tonsillectomy, but within the first 24 hours, considered to be?

What is the association between Down syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

A 2-year-old child is brought to the clinic by her mother. The child is lethargic and appears to be irritable. She has lost significant weight over the past few months and her skin is dry and flaky. On examination, there is bilateral pitting oedema on the child’s legs, and the hair appears brittle and sparse. A serum albumin test reveals low levels. What is the most likely diagnosis for this child’s condition?

What is considered the “gold standard” for the diagnosis of celiac disease?

In a family with a BRCA1 mutation, which of the following is a recommended screening test for breast carcinoma?

Which of the following can lead to tetany as a result of multiple transfusions?

Which virus is the most likely cause of fever, sore throat, and vesicles on the face and chest in a 65-year-old man undergoing chemotherapy?

What is the corneal limbus?

Which clinical finding is associated with hypocalcemia?

Options:

What medication is commonly used to treat and manage hepatic coma and perioperative prophylaxis?

Area of the retina where the rods and cones overlap

A 1-year-old child is brought to the clinic by her mother, who reports that the child has been extremely underweight and weak. The child has a very thin body with no fat or muscle, and the skin appears dry and loose. The child’s hair appears sparse and brittle. A serum albumin test reveals low levels.

What is the most likely diagnosis for this child’s condition?

How does metformin work in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)?

Which virus is commonly associated with vulval cancer?

Which of the following conditions is associated with serosanguinous discharge from the nipple?

What is the increased risk associated with Turner syndrome?

What is the chemical composition of sucrose?

What is the role of factor VIII in the coagulation cascade?

Which placenta is characterized by the complete or partial covering of the internal os of the cervix?

What is the drug of choice for seizures?

What is the recommended plan of treatment for a 5-year-old child with Juvenile polyposis syndrome?

What is the main difference between direct and indirect inguinal hernias?

How does Sitagliptin work to lower blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes?

Which disease is a man who recently returned from the jungles of Indonesia at risk of contracting?

Glioblastoma?

Which diagnostic test can be helpful in the diagnostic workup and prognostic evaluation of patients with suspected Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)?

What is the type of necrosis that occurs in the brain?

At what stage of pregnancy is the mid-pregnancy or anomaly scan typically carried out?

What are the acute risks associated with radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment for thyroid carcinoma?

A 28-year-old man presents to his GP with a 4cm mobile anterior neck mass. A fine needle aspirate is performed which reveals cells with ‘orphan Annie eye’ nuclei and psammoma bodies. What is the most likely diagnosis?

In orthopaedic clinics, which test is performed by tapping on the wrist to elicit a tingling sensation in the fingers, as part of the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome?

Schistosomiasis leads to which of the following complications?

What is true about smooth muscle cells?

What type of nerve fibers do spinal nerves contain?

What is the genetic pattern of inheritance for Kallmann syndrome?

What is the typical finding in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)?

Which type of abortion is characterized by no detection of fetal cardiac activity in a pregnant female?

Which cranial nerves are involved in the gag reflex?

What is the most common cause of mitral stenosis?

What is the potential complication of an injury to the anatomical snuff box?

What is the predominant metabolism in the retina?