Biostatistics and Research Explanations for FCPS

Which of the following best describes confidence limits?

Which of the following is the formula for calculating positive predictive value?

Which of the following is a measure of the ability of a diagnostic test to correctly identify individuals with a particular condition or disease?

Which of the following best describes the concept of reliability?

Which statistical measure is commonly used to represent the central tendency of a population’s measurements?

The data collected on two groups of diabetics, one group consisting of females and the other group consisting of males, shows that the females had a mean random blood sugar (RBS) level of 200 mg%, with a standard deviation of 50 mg%, while the males had a mean RBS level of 205 mg%, with a standard deviation of 10 mg%.

Which of the following is typically used to analyze data using a Chi-square test?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a reliable test or measurement?

Which of the following best describes the process of randomization in research?

A person’s test results showed that the positive test result was positive and the negative test result was negative. Which of the following terms best describes this outcome?

Which of the following is the result of a test that is positive for a person who has the disease?

Which of the following sampling methods gives each person in the study population an equal chance of being selected?

In a clinical trial, if the label on a drug has been accidentally removed so that neither the doctor nor the patient knows which treatment the patient is receiving, what type of trial is this?

Which study design is used to examine the relationship between an exposure and an outcome, where the investigator has control over the assignment of the exposure?

Which of the following types of studies involves following a group of individuals over time and comparing the outcomes between those who have been exposed to a particular factor and those who have not?

Which of the following descriptions best describes a distribution with positive skewness in statistics?

In medical testing, which type of test is designed to exclude completely non-affected individuals?

Which study design is used to examine the relationship between an exposure and an outcome, where the investigator observes a group of individuals over time to determine if the exposure is associated with the outcome?

Which of the following types of studies involves the following two groups of patients over time to observe the effects of a particular treatment (hemorrhoidal treatment) on their outcomes?

Which of the following types of data is a Chi-square table typically used to analyze?

Which statistical measure describes the arrangement of values in a set of data?

Which of the following types of studies involves randomly assigning patients to receive a particular treatment or a control intervention, and comparing the effects of the treatment to the effects of the control intervention?

Which of the following statistical measures is related to the difference in mean values?

If male and female patients are divided into separate groups and then further divided into subgroups, what type of sampling method is being used?

Which study design involves following a group of individuals over time to determine if the exposure is associated with the outcome?

Which of the following types of studies involves following 500 individuals over time and comparing the outcomes between those who have been exposed to a particular factor (e.g., smoking) and those who have not been exposed?

The study of both affected and non-affected individuals is called:

In a study, 40% of women have received hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and 20% have not received HRT. Which of the following is the best way to represent this information visually?

Which of the following is the most commonly used threshold for determining statistical significance in a hypothesis test?

What test is used to exclude those who are not affected completely?

The study of comparing individuals with a specific condition or outcome to individuals without the condition or outcome is called:

Which of the following factors can affect the positive predictive value of a statistical study?

Which statistical measure describes the spread or variation of a set of data?

What is the term used to describe the number of new cases of breast cancer per 100000 women in a year?

The mean is defined as:

Which of the following statements about prevalence is true?

Which of the following does a Kaplan-Meier curve show?

What is the primary use of the standard error of the mean?

Data obtained from two groups of people, one group presenting with vomiting and one group without vomiting, is:

Which of the following is the t-test used to compare?

Which of the following statistical measures can be determined using a normal distribution curve?

Which of the following statements about standard deviation is true?

A frequency distribution is related to:

A study is conducted to evaluate the rates on antibiotics of same effect produced by different pharmaceutical company and rate of different drugs are 1.5, 1.7, 2.7, 3.0, 9.0. The weights assigned to each drug are 0.5, 0.3, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1. What is the measure of central tendency used?

Which of the following can be controlled for by randomizing study subjects in a clinical trial?

Which of the following types of studies involves comparing two groups of people and examining the relationship between a disease and its risk factors?

Incidence is defined as:

What does an alpha value of 0.001 represent in statistics?

If a research study rejects the null hypothesis, what does this indicate?

“Which statistical test should a student use to study the relationship between temperature and duration of surgery?”

Which of the following best describes the standard deviation?

Which of the following statements is true about the standard normal distribution?

In which type of test is the critical area of the distribution two-sided?

Which of the following is a good factor to consider when evaluating the progression of a disease?

What type of study compares a group of individuals with a certain condition or disease to a group of individuals without that condition or disease, and looks back in time to compare their past exposures or risk factors?

Which of the following is used for monitoring the occurrence of a disease?

Which type of study involves combining data from a smaller study with data from a larger study?

The following numbers represent a set of data: 20, 20, 30, 25, 40, 45. Calculate the median of this data set.

What type of study compares a group of individuals with a certain risk factor to a group of individuals without that risk factor, and follows the two groups over time to see if there are any differences in outcomes between the two groups?

Which statistical test is used to determine the probability of a difference between two means?

Which of the following types of bias is likely to be present in a study with poor follow-up results?

A sample was taken from the entire population using a random selection process. What type of sampling method was used?