JCAT Past Paper 14

Recombination occurs in meiosis is:

The sphenopalatine ganglion of secretomotor nerve fibres supply the

The commonest cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage is?

Which of these malignant tumors is radioresistant?

A 75-year-old diabetic man, suffering from Parkinson’s disease, complained of worsening of his tremor and rigidity in arms and legs. His Parkinson’s disease has been responding well to a treatment of levodopa/carbidopa and amantadine, and his diabetes has been controlled by chlorpropamide and metformin. Recently metoclopramide was prescribed to manage diabetic gastroparesis. Which of the following drugs could have triggered the worsening of the symptoms reported by the patient?

A 72-year-old man, recently diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease, has been prescribed a drug which might help to slow the progression of her symptoms. Which of the following sets of adverse effects is most likely to occur from this treatment?

A patient presents with right hypochondrium pain, raised TLC and fever. The pain radiates to the tip of the shoulder. It has been 4 days since the pain and fever began. What is your management?

A 62-year-old woman with Parkinson’s disease complained of blurred vision, dry mouth, palpitations and constipation. She has been receiving a levodopa/carbidopa combination for 8 months but recently her neurologist added another drug to the therapeutic regimen. Which of the following drugs most likely caused the patient’s symptoms?

Which of the following is not required in the immediate management of a patients with cholecystitis?

A 57-year-old woman recently diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease has been receiving a levodopa- carbidopa combination for three weeks. Which of the following adverse effects is most likely to occur from this treatment?

A 65-year-old man with Parkinson’s disease complained of periods of few minutes of complete immobility followed by a sudden switch to involuntary movements such as twitching, nodding, and jerking. The patient’s current medications included levodopa carbidopa. In order to reduce these rapid fluctuations the neurologist reduced the daily dose of levodopa carbidopa and added another drug. Which of the following drugs was most likely prescribed?

What is Murphy’s sign?

Treatment of necrotizing sialometaplasia?

A 77-year-old woman has been showing an increasing memory impairment and recognition deficits over the past 2 years. Recently she became disoriented and confused at night Physical examination revealed an awake and oriented to place person with no focal neurological deficits. Her physician prescribed a drug which might help to slow the progression of her symptoms. Which of the following drugs was most likely prescribed?

Which of the following is not an ultrasound finding of acute cholecystitis?

A 65-year-old man presented to the hospital complaining of difficulty in writing, because of unsteadiness in his right hand, and tightness in his harms and legs. These symptoms started about one week ago. Physical examination showed a well nourished, anxious male with a notable lack of normal changes in facial expression and with a soft, monotone voice. Tremor was present in his hands and a festinating gait was noted. A preliminary diagnosis was made and an appropriate treatment was prescribed. Which of the following drug was most likely prescribed?

A 51-year-old woman presented to her doctor complaining of a unilateral rhythmic tremor, and slowing down of all movements. Her medical history was significant for two schizophrenic episodes in her late forties which had been treated with phenothiazines. On examination she showed cogwheel rigidity. A presumptive diagnosis of parkinsonism was made. Which one of the following drugs would be relatively contraindicated at the start of her therapy?

A 67-year-old man with Parkinson’s disease complained that recently he felt increasingly confused at times, often had vivid dreams and on occasion experienced visual hallucinations. He has been receiving a levodopa-carbidopa combination for 1 years and his disease was well controlled. Which of the following actions could be implemented to reduce the occurrence of these adverse effect?

Which of the following are not true for emphysematous cholecystitis?

A 66-year-old man with Parkinson’s disease has been taking levodopa/carbidopa but lately the therapy was sometimes ineffective in controlling his symptoms. His neurologist prescribed another drug, to take concurrently with levodopa/ carbidopa, that should enhance and prolong the effects of levodopa. Which of the following drugs was most likely prescribed?

An average polypeptide chain may contain up to:

Carbidopa is currently used in combination with levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease because it inhibits which of the following actions?

Co-administration of which of the following drugs with levodopa / carbidopa will increase the availability of levodopa in the brain?

A 64-year-old woman with Parkinson’s disease complained that her tremor gradually worsened over the past two weeks. She has been receiving a levodopa carbidopa combination for one years. The neurologist decided to add benztropine to the therapeutic regimen. Which of the following statement best explains why benztropine can alleviate the tremor of the patient?

Which of the following is an arterial branch of the vertebral system supplying the brain?

Which of the following statements best explains the mechanism of action of levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease?

Nerve supply of fungiform papilla?

Which of the following drugs is a selective monoamine oxidase B inhibitor used to reduce dopamine metabolism in Parkinson’s disease?

Cystic fibrosis mutation consists of…

A 49-year old man keeps complaining of a loss of taste, a loss of pain and temperature on the left side below his neck, hoarseness of voice and he is also exhibiting a slight ataxia. You believe that which of the following has occurred?

A 72-year-old man, who has been suffering from Parkinson’s disease for 4 years, complained of a purplish-red mottling of the skin which began on the thighs and spread to lower legs. The eruption appeared two weeks after a new drug was added to his therapeutic regimen. A diagnosis of livedo reticularis was made. Which of the following drugs could have caused this skin eruption?

Prophylactic cholecystectomy is not recommended for:

Submental surgery, nerve in danger?

Damage of basal ganglia can produce either hyperkinetic or hypokinetic disorders. Which of the following statements best describes the effects of cholinergic and dopaminergic agonists on these conditions?

You are caring for a patient who has suffered a stroke and has issues comprehending any spoken language. Branches of what artery do you know have been compromised?

Aspirin can cause which of the following?

Ileocolic artery branch of:

Midbrain contains?

Primary ovarian failure associated with all EXCEPT:

Iliohypogastric nerve arises from which ramus:

Pre-eclampsia risk factors are which of the following?

An itchy skin condition called Sipple syndrome (mutation change in RET gene) is synonymous with?

Thrombi/ emboli arising from deep veins of the leg, lodge into?

Shallow anterior chamber not present in:

Hidradenitis suppurativa occurs in all except:

MEN 2 which is common in both types?

Which of the following cause insulin resistance and hyperglycemia?

Triple phosphate stones due to:

In Allergic rhinitis which will be raised?

Which hormone decreases in the stress response?

Anterior boundary of pelvic outlet?

Global aphasia artery involved?

Nicoladoni–Branham sign [which helps differentiate the cause of chest pain between High output cardiac failure (AV-shunting) and cardiac (organic) causes in ESRD patients on Hemodialysis with AV-fistula] includes the following?

Choriocarcinoma avoid pregnancy till?

Adrenal adenoma causes?

ALP level increased in?

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesis?

According to the literature, the lowest risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS) is noted in persons living near the equator geographically. Why is this so?

Most specific for Urinary Tract Infection (UTI):

Wegner’s granulomatosis is associated with?

Bird beak appearance:

Parotid swelling, cough, facial palsy, leg nodules?

Endometriosis spread to lateral pelvis wall?

Generalized periodontitis?

Shortest preganglionic axons?

Endometrial cancer of the ovary associated with?

Cobble stone appearance?

Breech presentation (the fetus presenting part is the buttocks and/or feet) occurs in approximately _____ %age of term births?

DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the three prime (3′)-end of a DNA strand, one nucleotide at a time. It:

Elderly male with left iliac fossa and small amounts of blood in stool, hemodynamically stable, with mild tenderness in LIF. CRP is raised. What is the diagnosis?

Osteophytes (bony lumps that grow on the bones of the spine or around the joints) and subchondral sclerosis (thickening of bone that happens in joints) are typically found in?

Which of the following has the highest chances of malignancy?

Small inguinal hernias in children require surgery:

The patient has a solid elevated lesion of the thighs <0.5cm. What is the most likely lesion?

A newly admitted patient is diagnosed with Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). What is the first step you will take?

Which of the following are the adverse effects of chronic amiodarone therapy

There are typically two creases in the palm, but in some people, only one crease is present. A single palmar crease (simian crease) occurs in about 1 out of 30 people but is also frequently associated with other conditions such as:

Diabetic retinopathy features include:

Appendicular artery is a branch of?

A 23 years old boy is suspected to have AIDS. What test will you do?

The cardiac reserve is the difference between the rates at which the heart pumps blood – at any given time versus its maximum capacity. It is physiologically higher in?

IgM in a typhi dot result signifies?

The common cause of chronic relapsing diarrhoea in children is?

A patient admitted in the medical ward is found to have a prolonged QT interval on ECG. Most probable cause would be?

Following has banana-shaped gametocytes:

A patient admitted in the medical ward is found to have a shortened QT interval on ECG. Most probable cause would be?

Amniocentesis is an invasive prenatal test that can diagnose genetic disorders (such as Down syndrome and spina bifida) is done:

What are three regulatory enzymes of the TCA cycle?

A patient presents to you in an emergency with central chest pain. It gets worse on lying supine and gets better on sitting up. Cardiac enzymes are raised. ECG shows PR-segment depression with multi-lead ST-segment elevation and ST-segment depression in lead aVR. This is the classical manifestation of?

The function of Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is to regulate a broad spectrum of biological functions, including cellular proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation. This FGFs secreted by:

What is the tissue of origin of leiomyosarcoma?

The demyelination that underlies multiple sclerosis:

Snow storm appearance on ultrasound is a characteristic feature of?

Thirty-Five years old lady presented with a complaint of pelvic pain and infertility. All non-invasive investigations were normal. Laparoscopic examination showed bluish powder-burn or gun-shot, black, dark-brown, or blue lesions over the ovaries. What is the diagnosis?

A 45-year-old man with long-standing gastroesophageal reflux undergoes upper endoscopy that reveals patchy areas of epithelium resembling gastric mucosa extending Sem proximal to the oesophagogastric junction. Biopsies are obtained. The pathological report describes Barrett’s oesophagus. Which of the following processes does this finding represent?

Which blood test is being investigated for use in ovarian cancer screening?

BRCA2 involved in which molecular pathway?