JCAT March 2023 FULL PAPER IMRAN

A patient has presented with 2 episodes of DVT and has been diagnosed as a case of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. What treatment would you recommend?

A multigravida patient presented with heavy postpartum bleeding. There were no tears and the placenta was completely removed. What could be the cause of the bleeding?

What is the type of neck dissection in which all lymph nodes, the internal jugular vein (IJV), the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and the accessory nerve are removed? 

A patient presents with symptoms of hysteria and hyperventilation. The patient’s blood gas analysis shows a PCO2 of 30mmHg, HCO3- of 20mEq/L, and a pH of 7. What acid-base disorder is the patient likely suffering from?

 Which of the following is the best for sterilization?

 A child presented in the OPD with complaints of apathy, severe fat and muscle wasting, prominent bones, an old man-like face, loose skin, and normal serum albumin level. What is your diagnosis?

Which of these retinal layers has the highest metabolic rate?

A patient on Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) is at risk of developing which electrolyte abnormality seen in Refeeding syndrome?

What is the term for a hernia that involves a hollow viscus?

What is the confirmatory diagnosis for a fibroid uterus of 12cm size? 

A mother brings in her child who is hyperactive, loses attention from books, and is easily distractible. What is your diagnosis?

 Mast cells have a binding site for which of the following?

 A patient presented with a maculopapular rash that started at the face then spread to the trunk and whole body, accompanied by fever. What could be the cause?

A patient presented with diarrhea. On biopsy of the small intestine, a crescent-shaped organism is attached to the villi. What could be the possible diagnosis?

A child was sleeping when he suddenly felt pain in his testis and presented in the ER. The pain didn’t resolve upon elevating the testis. What would be the appropriate course of action?

What is the term for a tridirectional skin flap for grafting that is irrelevant of blood supply? 

A patient presents with an ovarian mass that extends up to the epigastrium. What is the investigation of choice for staging of carcinoma?

 A patient presents with a history of left-sided penetrating injury, muffled heart sounds, and distended neck veins. What is the first line treatment?

A neonate presented with a history of 3 weeks of eye discharge. What could be the causative organism?

The patient presents with an enlarged sella turcica and vision problems, but is otherwise healthy. Which hormone is most commonly raised in the blood in such a case?

The uncinate process of the pancreas is formed by which part of the embryonic pancreas?

 After a myocardial infarction (MI), a patient presents with abdominal pain and occult blood in the stool. What is the likely diagnosis?

A young boy presents in the emergency room with pelvic trauma. Which of the following is a sign of urethral injury that can be observed on examination?

A patient presents with hypertension, hypokalemia (potassium level of 2.5mg), and normal renin levels. What could be the cause?

Which of the following is the function of vitamin C in collagen synthesis?

What is the function of a Sertoli cell?

A child presents with reduced weight and height. His serum level of calcium is low and phosphate is 2.8mg/dL. What could be the cause of this condition? (Normal values of Phosphate: Adults: 2.8 to 4.5 mg/dL. Children: 4.0 to 7.0 mg/dL, Normal blood calcium level is a range of 8.6 to 10.3 mg/dL)

What does AMPLE stand for in the context of a secondary survey? 

A patient’s cervix is dilated to 5 cm. In which stage of labor is the patient?

A patient presents with a blood pressure that is more than 10mmHg higher in the upper limb than in the lower limb. What could be your diagnosis?

A patient presented with Pulmonary embolism. What is the investigation of choice for confirmation of diagnosis?

What role does Zinc play in the human body?

A patient presented with joint stiffness, most commonly involving the lumbar region of the spinal cord, and a skin rash on the extremities. What is this condition called?

What is the first line of treatment for a known case of chronic asthma presented with Pco2 77 mmhg? 

A patient presents with a knee injury and is experiencing a loss of dorsiflexion and sensation on the dorsum of the foot. Which nerve is likely damaged?

A patient presents with lifelong cyanosis of the mucous membrane. His mother is normal, but his father suffers from the same condition. What could be the cause?

What is the primary biochemical mechanism of heat production in healthy newborns?

Which of the following inheritance patterns does not necessarily skip a generation and can be present in both males and females?

:In which of the following conditions is Pulsus paradoxus seen?

A female presents with broad hands and increased distance between the incisors. What condition is this known as?

 In the case of vasopressin deficiency, from which part of the nephron is water absorption     affected?

 Basophilic stippling is seen in which of the following conditions?

 Why is carbidopa given with levodopa?

Which drug is typically given to a patient with benign prostate hyperplasia?

Which of the following structures is located between the rectum and the prostate?

A patient presented with inflammatory bowel disease. Which skin disease is this condition most commonly associated with?

A patient presented with pallor, cheilosis, glossitis, and vitiligo. What could be the cause of these symptoms?

Which of the following normally occurs in pregnancy during the 2nd trimester?

Which cells are involved in Osteoarthritis?

What is the preload indicated by in cardiology?

 A patient presents with fever, dry cough, and a mediastinal lymph node biopsy showing noncaseating granuloma. What is your diagnosis?

After a splenectomy, to reduce portal pressure, into which vein is the splenic vein drained?

Which of the following is a premalignant skin condition?

 What is the treatment of choice for a child born with a choledochal cyst?

What is the diagnosis for a 3-month-old child who presents with non-bilious projectile vomiting? 

A patient weighs 110 kg and is currently using glibenclamide 10mg, but their blood sugar level is still 300mg/dl. What alternative treatment would you prescribe?

A patient presents with a history of liver cirrhosis. Which investigation would you conduct for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)?

 A child presents with unilateral foul-smelling discharge. What could be the cause?

A patient presents to a psychiatrist with decreased interest in routine work and low mood. What is the most likely diagnosis?

An 80-year-old man was admitted to the hospital and was given antibiotics for pneumonia. He now presents with severe diarrhea. Which organism is most likely responsible for this condition?

Which vein travels along the sternocleidomastoid muscle and drains by joining with the axillary vein behind the middle of the clavicle?

What type of hemorrhage does a Berry aneurysm rupture cause? 

Chronic passive congestion occurs in which of the following conditions?

Where does the lymph draining from the alimentary tract, spleen, and pancreas go?

 A patient presents with an antrochoanal polyp. Which confirmatory test would you perform?

Which of the following factors increases the diffusion of a solute?

If a patient takes 800mg of ibuprofen, which has a half-life of 2 hours, what percentage of the drug will remain in the body after 4 hours?

A patient presents in the ER with ventricular tachycardia. What would be the appropriate immediate treatment?

A child presents with symptoms of tonsillitis, cervical lymphadenopathy, and splenomegaly. What could be the causative agent?

 A patient presents with hyponatremia and hypovolemia. Which condition is associated with these symptoms?

What are the symptoms of Theophylline toxicity?

A person presents with hearing loss in one ear after swimming, and upon examination, there is wax in the ear. What is the first-line treatment?

During an examination, you tap on the wrist of a patient with his middle finger and it generates a tingling sensation. What is this test called?

What is the biparietal diameter of a full-term fetus?

What is the appropriate treatment for a child presenting with fits, neck stiffness, and unconsciousness?

A female patient with a family history of breast cancer in her sister and aunt is concerned about her own risk. Which of the following also increases the likelihood of breast cancer?

A patient presents with facial nerve paralysis. Which of the following symptoms would you expect to see?

A patient presented with a thyroid nodule. On biopsy, it shows polygonal cells and amyloid. What is the diagnosis?

A patient presents with otitis media with effusion. What is the investigation of choice?

Which structure would most likely be damaged due to extreme eversion of the foot?

 If a patient is a known case of Wilson disease, how would you screen his siblings for the condition?

In which of the following locations is a multipolar neuron present?

A patient presents with axillary nerve damage resulting in loss of abduction. What could be the site of injury?

Which of the following protozoa affect macrophages?

Which cells are responsible for wound contraction?

During a blowout fracture, which wall of the orbit is most commonly fractured?

Which structure pierces the medial intermuscular septum of the arm?

A young female patient presented with amenorrhea for 2 months and sudden right-sided abdominal pain. Investigations revealed a beta hCG level of 400mg and an ultrasound showed an empty uterus. What is your diagnosis?

Given a breast mass of 8cm that is attached to the underlying tissue and one palpable lymph node, what is the stage of the cancer according to the TNM staging system? 

A patient known to have ischemic heart disease and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is scheduled for pelvic surgery. What is the choice of anesthesia for this patient?

Parkinson’s disease is most commonly presented as:

In which type of lesion is the Babinski sign shown?

When a person is looking towards the right, which muscles of the eyes are involved?

Which substances are primarily responsible for the pain experienced during menstruation and for mediating inflammation and pain?

During the second stage of labor, an artificial rupture of the amniotic membrane was performed. The patient suddenly collapsed and died. What could be the cause of death?

In a patient with a short neck and retrognathia, which score would you measure before anesthesia?

A boy presents with foreign body inhalation, experiencing respiratory distress and reduced air entry on the right side. What would be the appropriate course of action?

A patient presents with damage to the Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA). Which of the following symptoms would you expect to see?

What is a Leukemoid reaction?

 When an artificial lens is placed in the eye, which of these holds the lens?

At which end does the closure of the neural tube in an embryo start?

A school teacher feels tired and experiences diplopia at the end of the day. Which test is used to diagnose this condition?

 If a patient on antituberculous therapy develops color blindness, which drug is likely involved? 

An esophagus that presents with columnar and goblet cells is known as what?

In sickle cell anemia, which amino acid substitution occurs?

What is Dysplasia known as?

A patient presents with anterior uveitis. Upon examination, how would the pupil appear?