Histology + General Anatomy 2023

Question 1 of 668

Which of the following regarding the anatomical location of the olfactory region is MOST ACCURATE?

It is inferior to the inferior turbinate.
It is inferior to the middle turbinate.
It is superior to the superior turbinate.
It is superior to the middle turbinate.
It is superior to the inferior turbinate.

Question 2 of 668

What type of vessels are involved in the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and the interstitial compartment?

Veins
Lymphatic vessels
Capillaries
Arteries
Venules

Question 3 of 668

The endothelium is composed of what type of cells?

Stratified squamous
Stratified columnar
Simple columnar
Simple squamous
Simple cuboidal

Question 4 of 668

Which of the following statements regarding vascular endothelium is CORRECT? It prevents diffusion of all molecules.

It prevents diffusion of all molecules.
It consists of cuboidal cells.
It is permeable to all cell types.
It does not affect vascular resistance.
It affects the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles in the tunica media.

Question 5 of 668

Which of the following types of cells become plasma cells?

Monocytes
Natural killer cells
B cells
Macrophages
T cells

Question 6 of 668

Which of the following structures are specifically found in the thymus?

Hassall's corpuscles
Mononuclear phagocyte system
Kupffer cells
Trabeculae
White pulp

Question 7 of 668

Which of the following components of the kidney are most strongly associated with erythropoietin production?

Glomerular afferent arteriole
Peritubular capillaries
Loop of Henle
Bowman's capsule
Glomerular efferent arteriole

Question 8 of 668

Which of the following is the main function of calcitonin?

Reducing blood calcium
Reducing urine calcium
Increasing urine calcium
Regulating vitamin D absorption
Increasing blood calcium

Question 9 of 668

Which ONE of the following statements is INCORRECT?

Tunica albuginea is the fibrous covering of the testis.
Mature spermatozoa are stored in the seminal vesicles.
Spermatozoa mature in the epididymis.
Septae divide the testis into lobules.
The tunica vasculosa is the vascular layer of the testis.

Question 10 of 668

Which of the following best represents the age range of gametogenesis in men?

After puberty is lifelong.
14-60 years
11-45 years
14-40 years
11-65 years

Question 11 of 668

What is the capsule of the testis called?

Tunica testis
Tubuli recti
Tunica albuginea
Tunica vuscularis
Tunica vaginalis

Question 12 of 668

The penile urethra travels immediately through which of the following?

Corpus cavernosum, the main erectile tissue of the penis
Corpus spongiosum, the less erectile tissue of the penis
Tunica albuginea
Corpus spongiosum, the main erectile tissue of the penis
Corpus cavernosum, the less erectile tissue of the penis

Question 13 of 668

Which of the following immediately surrounds a primary oocyte?

Theca externa
Theca interna
Mast cells
Granulosa cells
Antrum

Question 14 of 668

What is the approximate length of the uterine tube in centimeters?

14–16
4–6
5–7
8–9
10–12

Question 15 of 668

Which part of the oral cavity is NOT visualized through the midsagittal section of the head?

Hard palate
Lips
Buccal mucosa
Teeth
Tongue

Question 16 of 668

Which of the following is NOT a type of papillae of the tongue?

Foliate
Fungiform
Filiform
Lacunae
Circumvallate

Question 17 of 668

Which structure in the tooth contains the blood capillaries and nerve fibers?

Enamel
Predentin
Cementum
Dentin
Pulp cavity

Question 18 of 668

Which of the following regarding mucous neck cells is INCORRECT?

They are present in the neck region of gastric glands.
They are clear stained on slides
They are interspersed between parietal cells.
They are connected to the inner lining of the glands by mucous surface cells.
They produce mucus that protects the epithelial lining of the stomach against acid.

Question 19 of 668

Which of the following liver structures serves as a location for mixing of the oxygen-rich blood from the hepatic artery and the nutrient-rich blood from the portal vein?

Portal triad
Central vein
Bile dutule
Sinusoids
Disse space

Question 20 of 668

Plicae circulares are best developed in which section of the intestine?

Cecum
Jejunum
Ascending colon
Stomach
Ileum

Question 21 of 668

What are the three longitudinal ribbons of smooth muscle on the outside of the large intestine?

Muscularis Mucosae
Linea alba
Taenia coli
Rugae
Linea semilunaris

Question 22 of 668

Which of the following layers lies immediately superficial to Bruch’s membrane?

Sattler's layer
Basal lamina
Haller's layer
Choriocapillaris
Pigmented epithelium

Question 23 of 668

Which of the following best describes the shape of type 1 hair cells in the inner ear?

Bulbar
Round
Flat
Multilobular
Columnar

Question 24 of 668

Where do the scala tympani and scala vestibuli meet?

Helicotrema
Basilar membranes
Round window
Middle ear cavity
Oval window

Question 25 of 668

Type 2 collagen is the basis for which of the following?

Dermatofibroma
Newborn skin
Keloid
Scar tissue
Hyaline cartilage

Question 26 of 668

The epithelium of the skin is derived from which of the following?

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Mesenchyme
Neuroectoderm
Endoderm

Question 27 of 668

Carpal bones are which of the following types of bones?

Regular bones
Sesamoid bones
Flat bones
Long bones
Short bones

Question 28 of 668

Which of the following options most accurately depicts the stages of erythropoiesis?

Proerythroblast, reticulocyte, orthochromatophilic erythroblast, basophilic erythroblast, polychromatophilic erythroblast
Proerythroblast, polychromatophilic erythrocyte, basophilic erythroblast, polychromatophilic erythroblast, orthochromatophilic erythroblast
Proerythroblast, polychromatophilic erythroblast, basophilic erythroblast, orthochromatophilic erythroblast, reticulocyte
Proerythroblast, polychromatophilic erythroblast, basophilic erythroblast, reticulocyte, orthochromatophilic erythroblast
Proerythroblast, basophilic erythroblast, polychromatophilic erythroblast, orthochromatophilic erythroblast, reticulocyte

Question 29 of 668

What cell does the myeloblast differentiate into?

Metamyelocyte
Band cell
Segmented neutrophil
Myelocyte
Promyelocyte

Question 30 of 668

Which of the following types of neurons has two extensions, one axon and one dendrite, from the soma?

Bipolar
Unipolar
Multipolar
Tripolar

Question 31 of 668

Which of the following statements regarding exocrine gland secretion is CORRECT?

Holocrine secretion is released with some cytoplasm surrounded by the plasma membrane.
Apocrine secretion involves programmed cell death.
In merocrine secretion, the whole cell is lost into the luminal space.
Merocrine secretions are stored in vesicles and released by a process called exocytosis.

Question 32 of 668

Which of the following structures is NOT lined by mucosa?

Intestine
Stomach
Anal canal
Artery
Tongue

Question 33 of 668

Which of the following types of fibers are fatigue prone motor units?

Fast glycolytic fibres
Slow twitch fibres
Slow oxidative fibres
Type 1 fibers
Fast oxidative glycolytic fibres

Question 34 of 668

Overlapping of thick and thin filament occurs in which of the following regions of the muscle fibre?

Z-line
H-band
I-band
M-line
A-band

Question 35 of 668

Which of the following is the predominant type of collagen in bone?

Type 2
Type 1
Type 3
Type 4
Type 5

Question 36 of 668

Which of the following cells of the immune system may have pseudopodia?

Mesenchymal cells
Fibroblasts
T lymphocytes
Neutrophils
Macrophages

Question 37 of 668

Edema is developed under one of the following conditions, which of the following is the correct description of the condition ?

Decreased capillary osmotic pressure
Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure
Decreased interstitial osmotic pressure
Increased capillary osmotic pressure
Increased interstitial hydrostatic pressure

Question 38 of 668

Where do monocytes commonly become phagocytic cells?

Bone marrow
Blood
Target tissue
Lymph node

Question 39 of 668

Which of the following statements regarding the brain is NOT correct?

The cerebral cortex is gray matter.
The convolutions of the brain increase the surface area.
Brain nuclei are gray matter.
The molecular layer in the cerebral cortex lies beneath the granular layer.

Question 40 of 668

What is the main function of lysosomes?

Lipid packaging and transport
Synthesis of adenosine triphosphate
Protein synthesis
Nutrition
Breakdown of biomolecules

Question 41 of 668

Which of the following stains is most commonly used in the histological processing of tissues?

Sudan staining
Endospore staining
Gram stain
Hematoxylin and eosin stain
Acid-fast stain

Question 42 of 668

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nasal conchae?

Humidification
Housing olfatory receptors
Reduction of air speed
Rapid warming of air
Increase in nasal surface area

Question 43 of 668

Which of the following lines the inner layer of smaller bronchioles?

Pseudostratified squamous epithelium
Stratified squamous epithelium
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Stratified columnar epithelium
Simple ciliated cuboidal epithelium

Question 44 of 668

What separates the pericytes from the surrounding tissue?

Tight junctions
Basement membrane
Reticular lamina
Desmosomes
Gap junctions

Question 45 of 668

Superior vena cava opens into which of the following structures of the heart?

Left atrium
Right ventricle
Right atrium
Foramen ovale
Left ventricle

Question 46 of 668

Which of the following statements regarding tonsils is INCORRECT?

Antigens presented to B and T cells activate the adaptive immune response.
They are secondary lymphoid organs.
Their luminal surface is coated in non-keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium.
They have antigen presenting cells on their surface.
They are the main site for T-cell maturation.

Question 47 of 668

Approximately what percent of T lymphocyte precursors undergo apoptosis?

95%
50%
Less than 1%
5%
10%

Question 48 of 668

Where do the collecting ducts terminate?

Apices of the pyramids, at the papillae which open into the major calyces
Bases of the pyramids, at the papillae which open into the major calyces
Bases of the pyramids, at the papillae which open into the minor calyces
Apices of the pyramids, at the papillae which open into the minor calyces

Question 49 of 668

Thyroid follicles are most commonly lined by which of the following types of epithelial cells?

Pseudostratified columnar
Columnar
Cuboidal
Squamous
Pseudostratified squamous

Question 50 of 668

The entire length (hypothetically) of the seminiferous tubules in one testis is within which of the following ranges?

120 to 300 millimeters
25 to 80 meters
600 to 900 centimeters
120 to 300 centimeters
300 to 900 meters

Question 51 of 668

During spermatogenesis, the second meiotic division occurs between which of the following?

Secondary spermatocyte and spermatogonium
Secondary spermatocyte and spermatid
Spermatogonium and primary spermatocyte
Spermatid and spermatozoa
Secondary spermatocyte and primary spermatocyte

Question 52 of 668

Which of the following connects the rete testis to the epididymis?

Seminiferous tubules
Tubuli seminiferi recti
Efferent ductules
Vas deferens
Seminal vesicles

Question 53 of 668

Which of the following is INCORRECT?

The dense connective tissue on the surface of the ovary is the tunica albuginea.
One function of the ovary is oogenesis.
The ovary has a central medulla and an outer cortex.
The mesothelial layer covering the ovary is a "germinal layer" which gives rise to the female gametes.
One function of the ovary is steroidogenesis.

Question 54 of 668

Which of the following regarding the physiology of ovulation is INCORRECT? (LH, luteinizing hormone)

Granulosa cells in the mature follicle secrete increasing amounts of estrogen in response to FSH stimulation.
Granulosa cells in the dominant follicle begin to express increasing amounts of LH receptors, which become quite abundant just prior to ovulation.
Granulosa cells synthesize increasing amounts of estrogen in response to LH stimulation.
Progesterone production occurs in the second half of the menstrual cycle triggered by luteinizing hormone.
The dominant follicle has the highest number of LH receptors and is best sensitized to respond to the LH surge.

Question 55 of 668

The fimbriae extend from which of the following portions of the uterine tube?

Infundibulum
Isthmus
Intramural section
Interstitial segment
Ampulla

Question 56 of 668

Lamina propria of the lip is most commonly composed of which type of tissue?

Adipose tissue
Undifferentiated tissue
Dense collagenous connective tissue
Vascular tissue
Muscular tissue

Question 57 of 668

Which ONE of the following is INCORRECT?

The clinical crown is the non-visible portion of the tooth that is covered by gingiva.
The pulp cavity is continuous with the root canal.
The striae of Retzius are incremental growth lines or bands seen in tooth enamel.
Periodontal ligaments connect the alveolar bone to the cementum.
The tooth is supported in its bony socket in the alveolar bone by the periodontal ligament.

Question 58 of 668

Which of the following is NOT considered part of the oral cavity?

Salivary glands
Tonsils
Tongue
Lips
Epiglottis

Question 59 of 668

What is not correct about insoluble mucus?

Bicarbonate is an essential component of this barrier.
It forms a protective layer on the surface of mucous cells.
It is mainly produced by mucous neck cells.
Vagus nerve stimulation increases mucus secretion.
It protects the stomach against both pepsin and acid.

Question 60 of 668

Which of the following refers to the location in the liver between a hepatocyte and a sinusoid?

Space of Disse
Portal triad
Howship’s lacuna.
Acinus
Space of Mall

Question 61 of 668

Which of the following secretes digestive enzymes?

Liver
Cecum
Ascending colon
Pancreas
Spleen

Question 62 of 668

The upper and lower segments of the anal canal are separated by which of the following?

Pectinate line
Taenia coli
Lacteal
Rugae
Linea alba

Question 63 of 668

Color blindness primarily results from a defect in which of the following?

Bruch’s membrane
Ganglion cells
Cone cells
Choriocapillaris
Rod cells

Question 64 of 668

Which of the following descriptions regarding the firing of nerve fibers at the base of the hair cells in the inner ear is MOST ACCURATE?

Displacement of the stereocilia towards or away from the kinocilium results in changes in nerve firing.
Displacement of the stereocilia towards the kinocilium results in decrease in nerve firing.
Displacement of the kinocilium towards the stereocilia results in decrease in nerve firing.
Displacement of the kinocilium towards or away from the stereocilia results in changes in nerve firing.
Displacement of the stereocilia away from the kinocilium results in increase in nerve firing.

Question 65 of 668

High-pitched sounds are detected by which type of hair bundles near which part of the cochlea, respectively?

Longer, apex
Shorter, base
Shorter, apex
Longer, base

Question 66 of 668

How many types of cartilage are there in the human body?

5
2
3
4
6

Question 67 of 668

Which of the following cells produces melanin?

Megakaryocytes
Melanocytes
Keratinocytes
Fibroblasts
Langerhans cells

Question 68 of 668

What section of a long bone contains the articular surface of the bone?

Metaphysis
Medullary cavity
Epiphysis
Periosteum
Diaphysis

Question 69 of 668

Osteocytes are embedded in which of the following structures?

Interstitial lamellae
Volkmann's canals
Lacunae
Canaliculi
Haversian canals

Question 70 of 668

Which of the following are polymorphonuclear cells?

Lymphocytes
Erythrocytes
Neutrophils
Platelets
Megakaryocytes

Question 71 of 668

Which of the following is a synapse between an axon and the cell body of a neuron?

Axosomatic
Axoaxonic
Axosynaptic
Axosecretory
Axodendritic

Question 72 of 668

Paracrine signaling reaches nearby cells through which of the following mechanisms?

Ducts
Lymph
Blood
Active membrane transport
Diffusion

Question 73 of 668

Which of the following is lined by serosa?

Uterus
Pericardial cavity
Nasal passages
Vagina
Trachea

Question 74 of 668

Which of the following is NOT a function of the basement membrane?

Mucus secretion
Mechanical barrier
Attaching epithelium to underlying tissue
Cell signaling and differentiation

Question 75 of 668

Z-line is a part of which of the following?

M-lines
H-bands
A-bands
I-bands

Question 76 of 668

Which of the following is a protein constituent of bone matrix?

Collagen
All of the choices provided are constituents of bone matrix.
Glycoproteins
Proteoglycans

Question 77 of 668

Which of the following cells is a connective tissue granulated cell derived from myeloid stem cells and containing histamine and heparin?

Mast cell
Fibroblast
Eosinophil
Macrophage
Mesenchymal cell

Question 78 of 668

Which of the following best describes the shape of a red blood cell?

Sphere
Biconcave disc
Sickle-shaped
Biconvex disc
Elliptical

Question 79 of 668

Which of the following cells secretes serotonin?

Mast cell
Thrombocyte
Eosinophil
Neutrophil
Basophil

Question 80 of 668

Which of the following structures is responsible for the production of cerebrospinal fluid?

Periosteal layer
Dura matter
Brain nuclei
Pia matter
Choroid plexus

Question 81 of 668

Most fully differentiated neuronal cells reside in which of the following cell cycle phases?

G1
S
G2
G0

Question 82 of 668

Which of the following is the best next step after dehydration of tissue by immersion in a high concentration of alcohol?

Cutting the tissue in thin sections
Replacing the alcohol with xylene.
Staining
Rehydration
Infiltration with paraffin

Question 83 of 668

Which of the following structures is connected to the pituitary gland through the hypophyseal portal system?

Hippocampus
Medulla oblongata
Pons
Thalamus
Hypothalamus

Question 84 of 668

Identify the MOST ACCURATE statement regarding secretions of the respiratory mucosa?

Serous is mainly secreted by goblet cells.
Minor salivary gland secretions are mainly serous in nature.
Mucus secretions coat the length of the cilia.
Mucus is mainly secreted by goblet cells.
The parotid glands mainly produce mucous secretions.

Question 85 of 668

How are bronchioles histologically different from bronchi?

Bronchiole walls have hyaline cartilage.
Bronchiole walls do not have hyaline cartilage.
Bronchioles are differentiated from bronchi based on size alone.
Bronchiole walls have smooth muscle.
Bronchiole walls do not have smooth muscle.

Question 86 of 668

Which of the following statements regarding vascular endothelium is INCORRECT?

Both blood and lymphatic capillaries are composed of a single layer of endothelial cells.
Endothelium is of mesodermal origin.
Vascular endothelial cells line the entire circulatory system, except the heart.
A thin layer of single squamous cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels.
Is a very important selective barrier between the blood and the extravascular space.

Question 87 of 668

Which of the following layers is the thickest layer of the heart?

Myocardium
Interatrial septum
Endocardium
Serous pericardium
Epicardium

Question 88 of 668

Peyer’s patches are found in which of the following organs?

Thymus
Small intestine
Bone marrow
Lymph node
Spleen

Question 89 of 668

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidney?

Vitamin E production
Sodium reabsorption
Regulation of blood pressure
Water reabsorption
Acid-base balance

Question 90 of 668

Which of the following statements best describes the anatomical location of the collecting ducts?

Extending from the medulla into the cortex
Extending from cortex to medulla
Lying on the border of the cortex and medulla
Only in the cortex
Only in medulla

Question 91 of 668

What type of cells are juxtaglomerular cells?

Columnar
Smooth muscle
Ciliated
Squamous epithelium
Mesangial

Question 92 of 668

Which of the following shows the correct route of mature spermatozoa during ejaculation?

Spermatic cord, ejaculatory duct, tail of epididymis, deferent duct
Tail of epididymis, deferent duct, spermatic cord, ejaculatory duct
Spermatic cord, tail of epididymis, deferent duct, ejaculatory duct
Spermatic cord, tail of epididymis, ejaculatory duct, deferent duct
Tail of epididymis, spermatic cord, deferent duct, ejaculatory duct

Question 93 of 668

Which of the following cells undergoes morphogenesis into a spermatozoa?

Spermatogonium
Spermatozoid
Diploid spermatocyte
Haploid spermatocyte
Spermatid

Question 94 of 668

What is the correct path from where the spermatozoa are produced to where they enter the urethra?

Seminiferous tubules->rete testes->efferent duct->epididymis->vas deferens
Vas deferens->rete testes->epididymis->seminiferous tubules->efferent ducts
Vas deferens->epididymis->efferent ducts->rete testes->seminiferous tubules
Seminiferous tubules->rete testes->epididymis->efferent duct->vas deferens
Rete testes->seminiferous tubules->efferent ducts->vas deferens->epididymis

Question 95 of 668

Which of the following is the main type of follicle that responds to follicle-stimulating hormone?

Primordial
Postovulatory follicle
Secondary
Tertiary
Primary

Question 96 of 668

Which of the following is INCORRECT?

After rupture of the mature ovarian follicle, the theca interna cells differentiate into the theca lutein cells of the corpus luteum.
Granulosa lutein cells continues to secrete progesterone after ovulation.
The corpus albicans is the regressed form of the corpus luteum.
Human chorionic gonadotropin is secreted by the syncytiotrophoblast.
The zona pellucida remains visible in the atretic follicle.

Question 97 of 668

Which of the following statements regarding the myometrium is MOST ACCURATE?

It is located between the endometrium and the serosa.
It is mostly composed of striated muscle.
It sheds during the second phase of the menstrual cycle.
It is contains the majority of the uterine glandular tissue.
It is largely absent in nonpregnant women.

Question 98 of 668

Where does the nasal cavity lie?

Superior to the cribriform plate
Posterior to the cribriform plate
Inferior to the soft palate
Superior to the hard palate
Posterior to the hard plate

Question 99 of 668

Which of the following types of tongue papillae is also known as ‘mushroom like’?

Fungiform
Filiform
Foliate
Circumvallate
Laminal

Question 100 of 668

Which of the following are the major salivary glands?

Sublingual, subpalantine and submandibular
Parotid, subpalantine and sublingual
Parotid, sublingual and submandibular
Parotid, sublingual, submental
Subparotid, sublingual, submental

Question 101 of 668

Which of the following types of gastric cells stains pink using hematoxylin and eosin stain?

Mucous surface cells
Chief cells
Mucous neck cells
Parietal cells

Question 102 of 668

What is the functional unit of the liver?

Central vein
Hepatocytes
Lobule
Sinusoids
Space of Disse

Question 103 of 668

Which of the following types of cells are also known as intestinal absorptive cells?

Paneth cells
Acini
Argentaffin cells
Enterocytes
Goblet cells

Question 104 of 668

What is the function of goblet cells in the rectum?

Mucus secretion
Physical barrier
Dilution of faeces
Water absorption
Antibody production

Question 105 of 668

Which of the following is a main function of rod cells in the retina?

Prevention of nystagmus
Provision of high visual acuity
Color vision
Peripheral vision
Structural integrity

Question 106 of 668

Stereocilia in the inner ear are effected by the movement of which of the following mediums?

Extracellular fluid
Blood
Perilymph
Air
Endolymph

Question 107 of 668

Which of the following options shows the correct sequence of sound transmission in the human ear?

Mechanical energy >> electrochemical signal >> acoustic energy
Acoustic energy >> electrochemical signal >> mechanical energy
Electrochemical signal >> mechanical energy >> acoustic energy
Mechanical energy >> acoustic energy >> electrochemical signal
Acoustic energy >> mechanical energy >> electrochemical signal

Question 108 of 668

A collagen molecule is composed of which of the following strands?

Carbohydrate
Polypeptide
Lipid
Glycoprotein
Myosin

Question 109 of 668

Pacinian corpuscles are sensitive to which of the following?

Touch
Proprioceptive
Pain
Vibration
Temperature

Question 110 of 668

Which of the following is the osteogenic layer of the bone?

Articular cartilage
The outer fibrous layer of the periosteum
The inner cellular layer of the periosteum
Interstitial lamellae
Osteon

Question 111 of 668

Haversian canals contain which of the following?

Vessels
Osteons
Calcified matrix
Endosteum
Osteocytes

Question 112 of 668

Which of the following statements regarding the human nervous system is INCORRECT?

Reflex arcs initiated by temperature sensation is part of the somatic nervous system.
It consists of central and peripheral nervous systems.
The somatic nervous system is part of the peripheral nervous system.
The brain and spinal cord are components of the central nervous system.
The autonomic component controls skeletal muscles.

Question 113 of 668

Which of the following most accurately describes the lateral horn of the spinal cord?

Grey matter containing neuronal cell bodies of the parasympathetic nervous system
White matter containing neuronal cell bodies of the parasympathetic nervous system
Grey matter containing neuronal cell bodies of the sympathetic nervous system
White matter containing neuronal cell bodies of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 114 of 668

Which of the following glands is mainly an apocrine gland?

Mammary gland
Pancreas
Thymus
Sebaceous gland
Thyroid gland

Question 115 of 668

Which of the following statements about the ducts in glands is INCORRECT?

Striated ducts play no role in the modification of secretions.
Intercalated ducts are involved in the modification of secretory products.
Interlobular ducts are found in between gland lobules.
Intercalated ducts are often difficult to identify in mucus-secreting glands.

Question 116 of 668

Which of the following is NOT visible under a light microscope and must be seen under an electron microscope?

Epithelium
Squamous cell nucleus
Connective tissue
Basal lamina
Basement membrane

Question 117 of 668

Which of the following best describes a motor unit?

A collection of muscle spindles.
Receptors located on presynaptic terminals.
A number of muscle fibers innervated by multiple neurons.
A number of muscle fibers innervated by a single neuron.
A group of cardiac myocytes innervated by multiple neurons.

Question 118 of 668

Osteoclasts are derived from which of the following types of cells?

Osteophytes
Osteoblasts
Fibroblasts
Neutrophils
Macrophages

Question 119 of 668

Plasma cells secrete which of the following?

Antibodies
Collagen
Proteoglycans
Histamine
Heparin

Question 120 of 668

Which of the following organs acts as a mechanical filtration for red blood cells?

Tonsil
Lymph node
Spleen
Thymus
Liver

Question 121 of 668

Which of the following is an important function of thrombocyte serotonin?

Chemotaxis
Anticoagulation
Enzyme degradation
Vasoconstriction

Question 122 of 668

The smallest scale observable with a light microscope is best indicated by which of the following values?

0.5 micrometers
0.2 nanometers
2.0 nanometers
2 micrometers

Question 123 of 668

Which of the following epithelial cell structures increases cell surface area for absorption?

Nucleus
Microvilli
Cilia
Flagella
Basement membrane

Question 124 of 668

Which of the following must be done before rehydration of the sections?

Clearing the sections in xylene.
Removal of the embedding medium
Labeling the slide
Staining
Attaching the protective coverslip with a mounting medium

Question 125 of 668

Which of the following is NOT a type of hormone?

Amino-acid-derived
Peptides, polypeptides, and proteins
Glycosidic
Steroid

Question 126 of 668

he olfactory nerves pass through which of the following cranial bones?

Sphenoid
Temporal
Ethmoid
Vomer
Palatine

Question 127 of 668

The great majority of alveolar surface is covered by which of the following types of cells?

Lamellar bodies
Stratified squamous epithelium
Type 2 alveolar cells
Macrophages
Type 1 alveolar cells

Question 128 of 668

Which of the following statements regarding large arteries and veins is MOST ACCURATE?

The internal elastic membrane in the superior vena cava is prominent.
Smooth muscle fibres in the tunica adventitia of the inferior vena cava are arranged longitudinally.
Inferior vena cava does not contain smooth muscle fibers.
Elastic fibres are mainly present in the tunica intima of the aorta.
The recoil ability of the aortic wall is increased with age.

Question 129 of 668

Where is the fibrous skeleton of the heart located?

Between the atria
Between the ventricles
Around the atria
Between the atria and ventricles
Around the ventricles

Question 130 of 668

Lymph is initially and directly formed from which of the following?

Interstitial fluid
Bone marrow
Venous blood
Arterial blood
Lymph nodes

Question 131 of 668

Which of the following statements regarding the spleen is INCORRECT?

The white pulp of the spleen mainly consists of lymphatic tissue.
The periarterial lymphatic sheath surrounds the central artery in the spleen.
Red pulp is characterized by the presence of splenic sinusoids and splenic cords.
The spleen mainly filters the blood.
The lymphocytes in the periarterial lymphatic sheath are mostly B lymphocytes.

Question 132 of 668

Which of the following is MOST ACCURATE?

Collecting ducts form the collecting tubule.
The thick descending limb follows the distal convoluted tubule.
Glomerulus is in the cortex.
Renal corpuscle is a network of small blood vessels.
Glomerulus is part of Bowman's capsule.

Question 133 of 668

Which of the following types of epithelium best describes the lining of the ureter?

Pseudostratified
Simple cuboidal
Simple columnar
Transitional
Ciliated columnar

Question 134 of 668

Beta cells of the pancreas secrete which of the following hormones?

Insulin
Glucagon
Cortisol
Adrenaline
Somatostatin

Question 135 of 668

Leydig cells secrete which of the following?

Testosterone
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Androgen binding protein
Estradiol
Estrogen

Question 136 of 668

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the epididymis?

It has a head, body and tail.
It is where spermatozoa mature.
It is where sperm is stored.
It is where spermatozoa are initially produced.
It is approximately 6 meters in length.

Question 137 of 668

Which of the following is most frequently used for screening of prostate cancer as it increases in the serum of patients with the disease?

Protein binding antigen
Testosterone
Luteinizing hormone
Prostate specific antigen
Estrogen

Question 138 of 668

Where in the dominant follicle does fluid accumulate?

Hilum
Medulla
Oocyte
Cortex
Antrum

Question 139 of 668

Which of the following statements regarding the blood supply to the layers of the uterus is MOST ACCURATE?

The myometrium provides the blood supply to the endometrium.
The endometrium arterial supply is independent from that of the myometrium.
The circulating blood to the endometrium does not return to the myometrium.
The endometrium provides the blood supply to the myometrium.

Question 140 of 668

Which of the following is the normally visible part of the tooth?

Pulp
Enamel covering the crown
Root
Dentin
Vascular supply of the tooth

Question 141 of 668

Fungiform papillae CANNOT distinguish which of the following tastes?

Fungiform papillae can distinguish all the tastes provided in the options.
Sweet
Bitter
Sour
Salty

Question 142 of 668

Which of the following is produced by chief cells?

Secretin
Pepsinogen
Gastrin
Hydrochloric acid
Intrinsic factor

Question 143 of 668

Which of the following regarding a hepatocyte is INCORRECT?

It is involved in modification and excretion of exogenous and endogenous substances.
Hepatocytes display an eosinophilic cytoplasm, reflecting numerous mitochondria.
It has microvillus projections which open into sinusoids.
It has both rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
It is involved in protein synthesis.

Question 144 of 668

Which of the following cells in the intestine constantly replenish epithelial cells that die and are lost from the villi?

Glial cells
Enterocytes
Stem cells
Goblet cells
Paneth cells

Question 145 of 668

What is the hemorrhoidal plexus?

A group of nerves that surrounds the rectum
A group of arteries that surrounds the rectum
A group of veins that surrounds the rectum
A group of veins that surrounds the anus
A group of nerves that surrounds the anus

Question 146 of 668

In its final anatomical position before entering the optic disk, the central retinal artery lies in what position relative to the optic nerve?

Medial to the optic nerve
Lateral to the optic nerve
Within the optic nerve
Superior to the optic nerve
Inferior to the optic nerve

Question 147 of 668

What is the function of the crista ampullaris?

Detection of angular acceleration and deceleration
Detection of angular deceleration only
Detection of linear deceleration
Detection of angular acceleration only
Detection of linear acceleration

Question 148 of 668

Which of the following components of the inner ear contain sensory receptors?

Crista ampullaris
All the structures provided contain sensory receptors.
Macula of saccule
Macula of utricle

Question 149 of 668

Which of the following types of cartilage may be found as a translucent cartilage over joint surfaces?

Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage
Hyaline cartilage
Articular surfaces of bones do not contain cartilage.

Question 150 of 668

Which of the following statements best describes eccrine sweat glands?

They are associated with hair follicles.
They have myoepithelial cells surrounding their duct portions.
They primarily respond to temperature changes in the palms and soles.
Their highest density is on the skin of the trunk.
They are innervated by the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 151 of 668

Which of the following constitutes the primary type of innervation in eccrine sweat glands?

Adrenergic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system
Adrenergic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system
Cholinergic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system
Cholinergic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 152 of 668

What is the process of red blood cell formation called?

Granulopoiesis
Hematogenesis
Erythropoiesis
Hematopoiesis
Angiogenesis

Question 153 of 668

Which of the following carries sensory information from an internal organ?

Visceral afferent neuron
Somatic efferent neuron
Visceral efferent neuron
Somatic afferent neuron
Interneuron

Question 154 of 668

Which of the following are uninsulated sections of the axon with highly enriched ion channels which allow faster conduction of the action potential?

Axodendritic synapses
Dendrites
Postganglionic receptors
Nissl substances
Nodes of Ranvier

Question 155 of 668

Which of the following is a unicellular gland?

Sebaceous gland
Compound gland
Sweat gland
Mammary gland
Goblet cell

Question 156 of 668

What are the small, finger-like projections that increase the absorptive surface of the small intestine?

Villi
Adventitia
Lamina propia
Muscularis mucosa
Crypts

Question 157 of 668

Reticular lamina components are secreted by which of the following?

Basement membrane
Epithelial cells
Connective tissue fibroblasts
Lamina propria
Basal lamina

Question 158 of 668

Where is the medullary cavity located in a long bone?

Diaphysis
Diaphysis and metaphysis
Metaphysis
Epiphysis
Metaphysis and epiphysis

Question 159 of 668

Which of the following cells is primarily responsible for bone resorption?

Osteocyte
Osteoblast
Osteoclast
Chondrocyte
Macrophage

Question 160 of 668

In a macrophage, which of the following fuses with a phagosome to digest its contents?

Peroxisome
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Lysosome

Question 161 of 668

Which of the following are granulocytes?

Basophils, neutrophils, T cells
Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils
T cells and B cells
Neutrophils, T cells, B cells
Eosinophil, basophils, plasma cells

Question 162 of 668

Which of the following forms a hemostatic plug over wound sites?

Thrombin
Fibrin
D-dimer
Albumin

Question 163 of 668

The smallest scale observable by the human eye with 20/20 vision is best indicated by which of the following values?

0.2 millimeters
0.2 nanometers
2.0 nanometers
0.2 micrometers
3 micrometers

Question 164 of 668

Which of the following is more characteristic of cilia than microvilli?

Larger size
Aid in absorption
Aid in cell binding
Immotile
Smaller size

Question 165 of 668

Which of the following is characteristic of skeletal muscle?

Fusiform
Uninucleate
Presence of striations
Presence of intercalated discs
Branching chains of cells

Question 166 of 668

Which of the following is NOT a type of secretion?

Endocrine
Paracrine
Autocrine
Exocrine

Question 167 of 668

Which of the following statements regarding the trachea is MOST ACCURATE?

It is surrounded by 16-20 rings of hyaline cartilage.
Its epithelium does not include mucous-secreting goblet cells.
It is lined by pseudostratified squamous epithelium.
It is located posterior to the esophagus.

Question 168 of 668

What is the dimension of a red blood cell in microns?

2-3
4-5
12-14
9-11
7-8

Question 169 of 668

The main thickness of the aortic wall consists of which of the following types of tissue?

Elastic tissue intertwined with collagen
Elastic tissue intertwined with smooth muscle fibers
Elastic tissue intertwined with skeletal muscle fibers
Collagen intertwined with skeletal muscle fibers
Collagen intertwined with smooth muscle fibers

Question 170 of 668

Which of the following layers of the valve help to align the collagen and lubricate the movements of the other layers during valve leaflet movement?

Papillary muscle layer
Spongiosa
Fibrosa
Epicardium
Ventricularis

Question 171 of 668

Which vessel does the right lymphatic duct most commonly drain into?

Left subclavian vein
Right vertebral vein
Right subclavian vein
Superior vena cava
Left jugular vein

Question 172 of 668

Which types of epithelial reticular cells are mainly found in the cortex of the thymus?

3, 4, 5
4, 5, 6
1, 2, 3
1, 3, 4
1, 5, 6

Question 173 of 668

The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule is composed of which of the following types of cells?

Columnar
Ciliated
Simple squamous
Stratified squamous
Pseudostratified

Question 174 of 668

Which of the following is the main function of urothelium plaques?

Urinary flow facilitator
Permeability barrier
Protein loss barrier
Micturition reflex regulator
Phagocytosis of foreign antigens

Question 175 of 668

Delta cells of the pancreas secrete which of the following hormones?

Adrenaline
Insulin
Glucagon
Cortisol
Somatostatin

Question 176 of 668

Which of the following regarding the function of follicle-stimulating hormone is MOST ACCURATE?

It inhibits the secretion of testosterone by Leydig cells.
It stimulates Leydig cells to secrete estradiol.
It stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone.
It inhibits the secretion of androgen binding protein by Sertoli cells.
It stimulates Sertoli cells to secrete androgen binding protein.

Question 177 of 668

The majority of the epithelium in the head of the epididymis contains which of the following types of cells?

Keratinized squamous cells
Pyramid-shaped cells
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Clear cells
Columnar cells with stereocilia

Question 178 of 668

Which of the following is the main erectile tissue of the penis that becomes engorged with blood?

Corpora cavernosa
Bulb
Corpus spongiosum
Prepuce
Glans penis

Question 179 of 668

Which of the following choices provides the correct sequence of terms of an ovarian follicle after ovulation during a normal menstrual cycle?

Corpus hemorrhagicum, corpus albicans, corpus luteum,
Corpus luteum, corpus albicans, corpus hemorrhagicum
Corpus albicans, corpus luteum, corpus hemorrhagicum
Corpus luteum, corpus hemorrhagicum, corpus albicans
Corpus hemorrhagicum, corpus luteum, corpus albicans

Question 180 of 668

Which of the following is INCORRECT?

The upper cervix is lined by columnar epithelium.
The cervix produces a steady rate of mucous secretions throughout the menstrual cycle.
The lower cervix is lined stratified squamous epithelium.
The cervix is low, hard, and slightly open to allow blood flow during the menstrual cycle.
The ectocervix projects into the vagina.

Question 181 of 668

Which of the following is not a function of the uterine tube?

Site of fertilization
Protection of ovum
Fixation of the ovum
Nutrition of the ovum
Transport of sperm

Question 182 of 668

Which of the following cranial nerves receives taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?

VIII
IV
VII
I
VI

Question 183 of 668

The main component of the alimentary tube wall that changes all the way along the tube is…?

…the submucosa.
…the outer muscular layer.
…an anatomical structure not listed in these answer choices.
…the inner muscular layer.
…the mucosa.

Question 184 of 668

Which of the following types of cells produce hydrochloric acid?

Stem cells
Goblet cells
Parietal cells
G cells
Chief cells

Question 185 of 668

Which of the following vessels supplies oxygenated blood to the liver?

Hepatic artery
Mesangial artery
Portal vein
Central vein
Hepatic vein

Question 186 of 668

Which of the following cells in the intestine mainly secrete mucus?

Stem cells
Mesangial cells
Goblet cells
Glial cells
Paneth cells

Question 187 of 668

What is the most common cause of presbyopia?

Aging
Glaucoma
Retinal cone degeneration
Vitamin A deficiency
Vitamin C deficiency

Question 188 of 668

Which of the following layers of protective tissue does NOT cover the optic nerve?

Periosteum
Pia
Subarachnoid space
Arachnoid
Dura

Question 189 of 668

How many pairs of crista ampullaris are their in the human body?

6
5
2
4
3

Question 190 of 668

Which of the following statements about stroma and parenchyma is MOST ACCURATE?

Both parenchyma and stroma mainly have a structural role.
Parenchyma has a structural role without specific functions of the organ, while stroma consists of the cells that perform the function of the organ.
Both parenchyma and stroma mainly have a functional role.
Stroma has a structural role without specific functions of the organ, while parenchyma consists of the cells that perform the function of the organ.

Question 191 of 668

Elastic cartilage is primarily found in which of the following?

Intervertebral disk
Pinna of ear
The pubic symphysis
Tracheal rings
Articular surfaces of bone

Question 192 of 668

Which of the following glands is a holocrine gland?

Apocrine gland
Sebaceous gland
Eccrine gland
Mammary gland
Merocrine gland

Question 193 of 668

Which structure in the bone marrow constitutes a barrier, inhibiting immature blood cells from leaving the marrow?

Blood vessels
Periosteum
Endosteum
Adipocytes
Trabecular bone

Question 194 of 668

Which of the following is NOT a component of a neuron?

Axon
Nissl substance
Soma
Glia
Dendrite

Question 195 of 668

Nerves from which of the following sections of the spinal cord affect skeletal muscles?

Ventral horn
Lateral horn
Dorsal horn
Posterior grey column
Posterolateral fasciculus

Question 196 of 668

What do goblet cells mainly produce?

Sweat
Serous
Mucus
Hormones
Sebum

Question 197 of 668

What is the name of the epithelium lining heart chambers?

Muscularis mucosa
Urothelium
Mesothelium
Endocardium
Neuroepithelium

Question 198 of 668

Which of the following statements regarding skeletal muscles is INCORRECT?

They are lined by epithelium.
They are supported by connective tissue.
They may act as receptor organ.
The repeating unit between two Z lines is the sarcomere.
Their major function is physical movement.

Question 199 of 668

What type of bone is the femur?

Long bone
Flat bone
Sesamoid bone
Short bone
Irregular bone

Question 200 of 668

At approximately what fetal age does bone development initiate at primary ossification sites?

During the third trimester
2nd week
1st week
8ᵗʰ week
4ᵗʰ week

Question 201 of 668

Major histocompatibility complex II normally occurs on which of the following cells?

Macrophages
All white blood cell
Platelets
Neutrophils
Erythrocytes

Question 202 of 668

The function of which of the cells is most similar to mast cells?

Basophils
T lymphocytes
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
B lymphocytes

Question 203 of 668

The cell body of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located at which of the following sites?

Ventral horn of the spinal cord
Lateral horn of the spinal cord
Dorsal horn of the spinal cord
Dorsal column
In ganglions near organs

Question 204 of 668

Which of the following cells is the smallest in size?

Eosinophil
Blast
Red blood cell
Neutrophil
Basophil

Question 205 of 668

Which of the following epithelial cell structures moves materials along the surface?

Keratin
Microvilli
Stereocilia
Cilia
Umbrella cells

Question 206 of 668

Which of the following cells is a protein-secreting cell?

Acinar cell
Goblet cell
Granulosa cell
Leydig cell
Argentaffin cell

Question 207 of 668

The pituitary gland is located in a depression in which of the following bones?

Ethmoid
Frontal
Temporal
Parietal
Sphenoid

Question 208 of 668

Which of the following MOST ACCURATELY describes a pulmonary lobule?

A cluster of up to 30 acini supplied by a common distal pulmonary artery and bronchiole
One respiratory bronchiole and all the terminal bronchioles branching from it
A cluster of up to 30 acini supplied by a common distal pulmonary artery and bronchus
It is significantly smaller than an acinus, and is composed of alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli.
The lung unit distal to the respiratory bronchiole

Question 209 of 668

What is a main function of pulmonary surfactant?

Decreasing lung compliance
Facilitating atelectasis at the end of expiration
Decreasing alveolar surface tension
Increasing alveolar membrane permeability
Increasing number of collapsed alveoli

Question 210 of 668

With advancing age, which of the following changes is most significant in the aorta?

The smooth muscle bulk is lost.
The elastic tissue increases.
Collagen increases in the media.
Peak intraaortic pressure decreases.
The recoil ability is reduced.

Question 211 of 668

Which of the following statements about histological structures labelled in the image is CORRECT?

The green arrow shows the epicardium, and the blue arrow shows binucleate myocardium.
The green arrow shows the epicardium, and the blue arrow shows binucleate Purkinje fibres.
The green arrow shows the endocardium, and the blue arrow shows binucleate Purkinje fibres.
The green arrow shows the endocardium, and the blue arrow shows binucleate myocardium.
The green arrow shows the endocardium, and the blue arrow shows binucleate epicardium.

Question 212 of 668

Which of the following statements regarding the anatomy of the lymph node is MOST ACCURATE?

Blood enters the lymph node through arteries on the convex side of the node.
Blood enters the lymph node through a vein in the hilum of the lymph node.
Lymph enters the lymph node through afferent channels in the lymph hilum.
Lymph enters the lymph node through afferent channels on the convex side of the node.
Blood exists the lymph node through veins on the convex side of the node.

Question 213 of 668

The first phase of T-cell maturation occurs in which part of the thymus?

Hassall's corpuscles
Cortex
Capsule
Trabeculae
Medulla

Question 214 of 668

Which of the following statements regarding podocytes is MOST ACCURATE?

They extend into the capillary lumen.
They support the development of the glomerulus.
They primarily line the distal convoluted tubule.
They are visceral epithelial cells in Bowman's capsule.
They are columnar epithelial cells.

Question 215 of 668

What is the average length of the male urethra?

10 cm
50 cm
40 cm
20 cm
30 cm

Question 216 of 668

Which of the following statements regarding the pancreas is INCORRECT?

Delta cells secrete somatostatin.
Alpha cells secrete glucagon.
The pancreatic duct drains into the bile duct.
It is both an exocrine and endocrine gland.
It contains both alpha and beta cells.

Question 217 of 668

Which of the following regarding the male urethra is most accurate?

The membranous part of the urethra is most distal.
The ductus deferens joins the penile urethra.
The membranous part is not present in all men.
The urethra extends from the kidney to the bladder.
It consists of a prostatic, membranous, and penile urethra.

Question 218 of 668

What type of epithelium lines the epididymis?

Simple columnar
Simple squamous
Simple cuboidal
Pseudostratified
Transitional

Question 219 of 668

Which of the following is produced by the ovaries?

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Estrogen
Cortisol
Luteinizing Hormone

Question 220 of 668

Theca lutein cells and granulosa lutein cells originate from which of the following types of cells, respectively?

Theca externa, theca interna
Follicular cells, follicular cells
Theca interna, theca externa
Theca externa, follicular cells
Theca interna, follicular cells

Question 221 of 668

Which of the following is INCORRECT?

The labia majora in the female are homologous to the scrotum in the male.
The labia minora in the female are homologous to the urethral surface of the penis.
An acidic environment in the vagina is due to bacterial breakdown of glycogen.
The clitoris is devoid of erectile tissue.
Smooth muscle in the labia majora is homologous to the dartos muscle in the male.

Question 222 of 668

What is the function of progesterone following ovulation?

Contraction of myometrium
Endometrial repair
Increased acidity of the cervical lumen
Endometrial shedding
Development of secretory activity

Question 223 of 668

What is the major function of Von Ebner’s glands?

Flushing out material to enable the taste buds to respond rapidly to changing stimuli
Antimicrobial action
Food digestion
Soft tissue repair by decreasing clotting time and increasing wound contraction
Buffering and better protection from dental caries

Question 224 of 668

Which type of epithelium lines the mucosa of esophagus?

Stratified squamous
Simple columnar
Simple squamous
Pseudostratified columnar
Stratified columnar

Question 225 of 668

Which of the following cell types is characterized canaliculus?

Gastric chief cells
Gastric parietal cells
Paneth cells
Gastric surface mucous cells
Enteroendocrine cells

Question 226 of 668

Which of the following cells in the liver are also known as stellate macrophages?

Microglia
Langerhans cell
Histiocytes
Kupffer cells
Dust cell

Question 227 of 668

Which of the following plexuses is present in the submucosa of the intestinal tract?

Myenteric plexus
Meissner plexus
None of the above
Kiesselbach plexus
Lumbosacral plexus

Question 228 of 668

Which of the following structures in the eye does NOT normally affect the focus of the light?

Retina
Aqueous humor
Lens
Cornea

Question 229 of 668

Meibomian gland is known to secret which of the following substances?

Hormones
Mucus secretions
Serous secretions
An oily substance
Tear

Question 230 of 668

Stereocilia are embedded within which of the following structures which determines spatial orientation?

Lymph
Incus
Blood
Perilymph
Cupula

Question 231 of 668

Which of the following options best characterizes the major components of the extracellular matrix?

Insoluble matrix proteins, insoluble collagen fibers, fibroblasts
Viscous proteoglycans, insoluble collagen fibers, soluble matrix proteins
Viscous proteoglycans, insoluble collagen fibers, fibroblasts
Insoluble matrix proteins, soluble collagen fibers, fibroblasts
Viscous proteoglycans, soluble collagen fibers, insoluble matrix proteins

Question 232 of 668

The cartilage found in which of the following structures is primarily of fibrocartilage?

The cricoid
Tracheal rings
Pinna of ear
Ribs
Annulus fibrosus of intervertebral disk

Question 233 of 668

Langerhans cells are most prominent in which layer of the epidermis?

Stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum lucidum

Question 234 of 668

Which ONE of the following is NOT a component of an “osteon”?

Lacuna
Haversian canal
Concentric lamellae
Interstitial lamellae
Canaliculi

Question 235 of 668

What is the approximate life span of red blood cells?

160 days
10 days
120 days
60 days
45 days

Question 236 of 668

Which of the following components of the peripheral nervous system specifically conveys sensory information to the central nervous system?

Motor
Autonomic
Somatic
Efferent
Afferent

Question 237 of 668

What are the granules inside neurons made of rough endosplasmic reticulum?

Axon hillock
Nucleolus
Nissl substance
Soma
Nodes of Ranvier

Question 238 of 668

Which of the following statements about exocrine glands is INCORRECT?

They secrete their products directly into the bloodstream.
They may be unicellular or multicellular.
An example of a unicellular gland is the goblet cell.
Multicellular exocrine glands may have more than one secretory cell type.
Multicellular exocrine glands may have complex arrangements.

Question 239 of 668

All but which of the following may not be found on the apical surface of epithelial cells?

Cilia
Microvilli
Dense connective tissue
Stereocilia

Question 240 of 668

Connective tissue septa, known as the perimysium, are extensions of which of the following?

Mucosa
Endothelium
Serosa
Epithelium
Epimysium

Question 241 of 668

The bones of cranium are primarily from which of the following embryologic origins?

Endoderm and mesoderm
Endoderm and ectoderm
Endoderm and neural crest
Neural crest and mesoderm

Question 242 of 668

Cartilage matrix is laid down by which of the following types of cells?

Fibroblasts
Chondroblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
Osteoblasts

Question 243 of 668

Which of the following cells commonly recognize antigens presented by antigen-presenting cells coupled with major histocompatibility complex molecules?

Eosinophils
T cells
Neutrophils
Megakaryocytes
Basophils

Question 244 of 668

The cell arrowed in the image is most likely which of the following?

Neutrophil
Monocyte
Lymphocyte
Basophil
Eosinophil

Question 245 of 668

Which of the following is NOT a function of glial cells?

Repair
Impulse transmission
Neuron development
Insulation
Nutrition

Question 246 of 668

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

The nucleolus transcribes ribosomal RNA.
The nucleolus has no limiting membrane.
The nucleolus is the largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
The nucleolus ultrastructure can be seen through a light microscope.
Protein-secreting cells may have more than 1 nucleolus.

Question 247 of 668

What are stereocilia?

Cilia
Flagella
Keratin
Long branched microvilli
Umbrella cells

Question 248 of 668

Which of the following parts of the intestine has an abundance of goblet cells?

Ileum
Colon
Jejunum
Duodenum
Rectum

Question 249 of 668

The posterior pituitary gland is derived from a downgrowth of which of the following brain ventricles?

First ventricle
Fifth ventricle
Third ventricle
Fourth ventricle
Second ventricle

Question 250 of 668

Which of the following options provides the correct order of lung structures from proximal to distal?

Terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs
Respiratory bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs
Terminal bronchioles, alveolar ducts, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar sacs
Terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar sacs, alveolar ducts
Respiratory bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, alveolar sacs, alveolar ducts

Question 251 of 668

The pulmonary veins receive blood from which of the following?

Alveolar capillaries
Jugular vein
Superior vena cava
Left atrium
Pulmonary artery

Question 252 of 668

Exchange of fluid, nutrients and waste products occur mainly through which of the following types of vessels?

Arterioles
Capillaries
Arteries
Veins
Venules

Question 253 of 668

Which of the following is INCORRECT?

In the thymus, epithelioreticular cells form the structural framework.
T-cell differentiation takes place mainly in the lymph node.
Reticular cells produce and maintain the thin networks of fibres that are a framework for most lymphoid organs.
Cluster of differentiation molecules are unique cell surface molecules and can be visualized by immunohistochemical staining methods using monoclonal antibodies.
Some B-cells differentiate and give rise to cells that secrete antibodies.

Question 254 of 668

Which of the following is not a structure of the lymph node?

Capsule
Efferent vessel
Medulla
Kupffer cells
Afferent vessel

Question 255 of 668

Which of the following types of reticular cells is primarily involved in reinforcing the blood-thymus barrier?

5
1
6
3
4

Question 256 of 668

Which of the following correctly demonstrates the sequence of layers through which the blood is filtrated into Bowman’s space?

Podocytes, fenestrated endothelial layer, basement membrane
Basement membrane, fenestrated endothelial layer, podocytes
Basement membrane, podocytes, fenestrated endothelial layer
Podocytes, basement membrane, fenestrated endothelial layer
Fenestrated endothelial layer, basement membrane, podocytes

Question 257 of 668

Which of the following statements regarding the endocrine system is least likely to be true?

Its functions are generally slower and prolonged than that of the nervous system.
Its hormonal products are directly secreted into the blood.
It helps to regulate the speed of nerve impulse transmission.
It helps to regulate growth and development.
It helps to maintain homeostasis.

Question 258 of 668

What is/are the main function(s) of the testis?

Spermatogenesis, but not testosterone production
Secretion of fluid which becomes part of the semen
Both testosterone production and spermatogenesis
Storage of fluid which becomes part of the semen
Testosterone production, but not spermatogenesis

Question 259 of 668

Which of the following best describes the morphology of Sertoli cells?

Cells with a large nucleus and scant cytoplasm
Round cells with darkly stained cytoplasmic granules
Cells with a pale nucleus and abundant cytoplasm
Small cells with multilobed nucleus
Cells with no apparent nucleus

Histology + General Anatomy 2023

Histology + General Anatomy 2023

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